What causes knee pain?
Knee pain can be caused by:
- Injury
- Disease
- Joint inflammation
Knee joint pain
Knee joint pain can not only be unpleasant, it can also have a profoundly negative effect on your enjoyment of life. After all, knees provide support for the body, allow the legs to straighten and bend and are needed for sitting, standing, walking, running and just about anything that involves physical activity. Knee joint pain can affect people of all ages and from all walks of life.
Anatomy of a joint
A joint is where two bones meet, connected by ligaments. Bones don’t rub against each other thanks to a tough, elastic lining called cartilage. Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and enables the joint to move smoothly. Tendons, strong cords of tissue, connect muscles to bones. Muscles move joints by pulling on tendons. The bones, ligaments, muscles, cartilage and tendons all work together to make the knees work properly. Unfortunately, each of these components can be affected by disease and injury.
How the knee works
At the knee joint, the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia) meet, and they are covered at the front of the knee joint by the kneecap (patella). Four ligaments connect the thigh bone and shin bone, giving the joint strength and stability:
- Medial collateral ligament – provides stability to the inner part of the knee
- Lateral collateral ligament – provides stability to the outer part of the knee
- Anterior cruciate ligament – limits rotation and forward movement of the shin bone
- Posterior cruciate ligament – limits backward movement of the shin bone
Two pads of connective tissue called menisci separate the bones of the knee; each one is called a meniscus. They act as shock absorbers.
Two groups of muscles help straighten and bend the knee. Four quadriceps muscles run along the front of the thigh to straighten the knee from a bent position. Hamstring muscles that run along the back of the thigh work to bend the knee.
Causes of knee pain
Knee pain can arise from various causes, including:
- Joint inflammation – caused by inflammation of the tissue lining the joints
- Injury – direct injury, misalignment of the knee resulting from a hip or foot problem, normal wear and tear, and many other types of injuries including an ACL injury (tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament), torn meniscus, tendinitis or bursitis
- Disease – arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and other conditions
Knee pain may be accompanied by certain symptoms such as redness, swelling, stiffness, warmth, popping noises and more.
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